Association of reviewer experience with discriminating human-written versus ChatGPT-written abstracts.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if reviewer experience impacts the ability to discriminate between human-written and ChatGPT-written abstracts. METHODS: Thirty reviewers (10 seniors, 10 juniors, and 10 residents) were asked to differentiate between 10 ChatGPT-written and 10 human-written (fabricated) abstracts. For the study, 10 gynecologic oncology abstracts were fabricated by the authors. For each human-written abstract we generated a ChatGPT matching abstract by using the same title and the fabricated results of each of the human generated abstracts. A web-based questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and to record the reviewers' evaluation of the 20 abstracts. Comparative statistics and multivariable regression were used to identify factors associated with a higher correct identification rate. RESULTS: The 30 reviewers discriminated 20 abstracts, giving a total of 600 abstract evaluations. The reviewers were able to correctly identify 300/600 (50%) of the abstracts: 139/300 (46.3%) of the ChatGPT-generated abstracts and 161/300 (53.7%) of the human-written abstracts (p=0.07). Human-written abstracts had a higher rate of correct identification (median (IQR) 56.7% (49.2-64.1%) vs 45.0% (43.2-48.3%), p=0.023). Senior reviewers had a higher correct identification rate (60%) than junior reviewers and residents (45% each; p=0.043 and p=0.002, respectively). In a linear regression model including the experience level of the reviewers, familiarity with artificial intelligence (AI) and the country in which the majority of medical training was achieved (English speaking vs non-English speaking), the experience of the reviewer (ß=10.2 (95% CI 1.8 to 18.7)) and familiarity with AI (ß=7.78 (95% CI 0.6 to 15.0)) were independently associated with the correct identification rate (p=0.019 and p=0.035, respectively). In a correlation analysis the number of publications by the reviewer was positively correlated with the correct identification rate (r28)=0.61, p<0.001. CONCLUSION: A total of 46.3% of abstracts written by ChatGPT were detected by reviewers. The correct identification rate increased with reviewer and publication experience.

Trastorno depresivo mayor: una mirada genética / Major depressive disorder: a genetic view

Resumen El trastorno depresivo mayor es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por la presencia de diferentes síntomas, que van desde no poder comer o dormir, hasta el no disfrute de las actividades que antes resultaban placenteras, ideas de minusvalía y suicidio. Las investigaciones del campo de las neurociencias y de las enfermedades psiquiátricas en especial, tienden cada vez más a buscar los posibles orígenes genéticos que expliquen su desarrollo y progresión. En esta revisión de la literatura se presenta lo reportado en estudios que no solo describen la enfermedad desde los trastornos neurofisiológicos, sino también desde alteraciones genéticas y epigenéticas, con el fin de brindar un mayor entendimiento de las bases moleculares y fisiopatológicas de esta patología psiquiátrica.

Abstract Major depressive disorder is a disease that is characterized by the presence of different symptoms, ranging from not being able to eat or sleep, to not enjoy activities that were previously pleasurable, ideas of disability and suicide. Research in the field of neurosciences and psychiatric diseases in particular, increasingly tend to seek the possible genetic origins that explain the development and progression of them. In this review of the literature, is presented what has been reported in studies, that not only describe the disease from its neurophysiological disorders, but also from the genetic and epigenetic alterations, in order to provide a better understanding of the molecular and physiopathological bases of this psychiatric pathology.

Perfil clínico y epidemiológico de las enfermedades oculares no infecciosas en comunidades indígenas de Chocó, Colombia / Clinical and epidemiological profile of non-infectious eye diseases in indigenous communities from Choco, Colombia

Objetivo: determinar el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de las enfermedades oculares no infecciosas en población indígena del departamento de Chocó, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, en comunidades indígenas de la Asociación de Cabildos Indígenas Embera, Wounaan, Katío, Chami y Tule en 2015.No se realizó muestreo, se evaluaron líderes indígenas mayores de 18 años, sin enfermedades oftalmológicas infecciosas y que decidieron participar voluntariamente mediante consentimiento informado. Se diseñó un cuestionario para registrar variables sociodemográficas y oftalmológicas. Resultados: se evaluaron 46 indígenas, con un promedio de edad de 34,2 ± 9,5, 69,6% eran hombres, 21,7% eran Embera Dobida, 56,5% habían completado los estudios de secundaria y 23,9% se desempeñaban en el área de educación. El 82,6% de los participantes presentaron agudeza visual normal,15,2% presentaron déficit visual y ninguno presentó déficit visual severo o ceguera.Se encontraron alteraciones conjuntivales en el 56,5% y alteraciones al Cover test en 58,6%, siendo la endotropia y endoforia los hallazgos más frecuentes. No se encontraron alteraciones en la evaluación de la movilidad ocular, tonometría, campimetría, ni fondo de ojo. Conclusiones: se encontraron niveles aceptables de visión y salud oftalmológica entre la población evaluada, que no representan limitaciones considerables para su quehacer diario, pero que potencialmente las podrían ocasionar. La endotropia y las alteraciones conjuntivales corresponden a los hallazgos más frecuentes...(AU)

Objective: to determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of non-infectious ocular diseases in indigenous populations of Chocó, Colombia. Materials and methods:transversal descriptive study, in indigenous communities of the Asociación de Cabildos Indígenas Embera, Wounaan, Katío, Chami and Tule in 2015. Sampling was not performed,indigenous leaders over the age of 18, without infectious eye diseases were evaluated and decided to voluntarily participate by informed consent. A questionnaire was designed to register demographic and opthalmologic variables variables. Results: 46 indigenous people were evaluated, with an average age of 34,2 ± 9,5 years, 69,6% were men, 21,7% were Embera Dobida, 56,5% had completed secondary education and 23,9% worked in the education area. 82,6% of the participants presented normal visual acuity, 15,2% presented visual deficit and none had severe visual impairment or blindness. Conjunctival alterations were found in 56,5% and alterations in the coverage test in 58,6%, with endotropia and endophoria being the most frequent findings. No alterations were found in the assessment of ocular mobility, tonometry, campimetry, or ocular fundus. Conclusions: acceptable levels of vision and ophthalmological health were found among the evaluated population, which do not represent considerable limitations for their daily work, but could potentially cause them. Endotropia and conjunctival alterations correspond to the most frequent findings...(AU)

Prevención de la infección por Streptococcus del grupo B en gestantes / Prevention of Group B Streptococcal Infection in Pregnant Women / Prevenção da infecção pelo Streptococcus do grupo B as mulheres grávidas: Revisão do tema

Introducción: La infección neonatal por Streptococcus del Grupo B en mujeres gestantes es un problema creciente a nivel mundial y tiene múltiples consecuencias para el recién nacido, su prevención impacta directamente la morbi-mortalidad neonatal. Objetivo: Brindar al lector información relevante sobre la importancia clínica, nuevos métodos de tamizaje y formas de prevención de la infección por Streptococcus del Grupo B en gestantes, que será de utilidad para evitar complicaciones del binomio materno-fetal. Metodología: En esta revisión de la literatura, se estudiaron 53 artículos, abordando evidencia tanto en el ámbito local e internacional, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect y Google Scholar, dentro los criterios de búsqueda se tuvo en cuenta el año de publicación, incluyendo artículos que fueron publicados a partir del año 2011. Resultados: La comunidad internacional ha desarrollado guías y planes de prevención; en la actualidad, para una profilaxis y prevención adecuada se proponen diversos métodos, partiendo del tamizaje para las maternas, uso de antibióticos durante el embarazo y parto, además del desarrollo de vacunas maternas para prevenir infecciones. Conclusiones: La colonización por Streptococcus del Grupo B en gestantes y el riesgo que conlleva para el recién nacido y su madre, exige una constante actualización en técnicas de tamizaje, prevención y manejo. Numerosos avances en estos campos vienen llevándose a cabo en los últimos años y su fortalecimiento y desarrollo será clave para impactar positivamente la morbi-mortalidad materno-fetal. [Martínez-Sánchez LM, Restrepo-Arango M, Sánchez-Díaz E, Marín-Cárdenas JS,Gallego-González D,Vélez-Peláez MC. Prevención de la infección por Streptococcus del grupo B en gestantes. MedUNAB 2017; 20(2): 182-189].

Introduction: The neonatal infection by Group B Streptococcus in pregnant women is a growing problem worldwide and has multiple consequences for the newborn, so its prevention directly impacts neonatal morbimortality. Objective: To provide the reader with relevant information about the clinical importance, new screening methods and ways to prevent Group B Streptococcus infection in pregnant women which will be useful to avoid complications in the pairing of maternal-fetal. Methodology: In this review of literature, 53 articles were studied addressing local and international evidence by using PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases; within the search criteria the year of publication was taken into account to do so, thus articles published from 2011 were included. Results: The international community has developed guidelines and prevention plans for this infection. Currently, for an adequate prophylaxis and prevention, various methods are proposed such as the screening for expectant mothers, the use of antibiotics during pregnancy and childbirth, and the development of maternal immunization to prevent infections as well. Conclusions: The colonization by Group B Streptococcus in pregnant women and the risk that this entails to the newborn and his/her mother requires constant updating in techniques for screening, prevention and management of it. Numerous advances in these fields of study have been carried out in recent years, and this strengthening and its development will be the key to impact, in a positive way, the maternal-fetal morbimortality. [Martínez-Sánchez LM, Restrepo-Arango M, Sánchez-Díaz E, Marín-Cárdenas JS,Gallego-González D, Vélez-Peláez MC. Prevention of Group B Streptococcal Infection in Pregnant Women. MedUNAB 2017; 20(2): 182-189].

Introdução: A infecção neonatal pelo Streptococcus do Grupo B em mulheres grávidas é um problema crescente no mundo inteiro e tem múltiplas conseqüências para o recém-nascido. Sua prevenção afeta diretamente a morbidade e mortalidade neonatal. Objetivo: Oferecer ao leitor a informação relevante sobre a importância clínica, os novos métodos de seleção e as formas de prevenir a infecção por Streptococcus do Grupo B em mulheres grávidas, o que será muito útil para evitar as complicações tanto para a mãe quanto para o feto. Metodologia: Nesta revisão da literatura, foram estudados 53 artigos, ressaltando as evidências tanto no nível local como internacional y se utilizaram os bancos de dados em PubMed, ScienceDirect e Google Scholar. Um dos critérios da pesquisa foi verificar o ano da publicação e incluir somente os artigos publicados a partir de 2011. Resultados: Atualmente, a comunidade internacional desenvolveu diretrizes e planos de prevenção para a profilaxia e a prevenção adequada, propondo diversos métodos como: Atriagem materna, o uso de antibióticos durante a gravidez e o parto, além do desenvolvimento das vacinas maternas para preveniras infecções. Conclusões: A colonização por Streptococcus do Grupo B em mulheres grávidas e o risco que isso implica para o recém-nascido e sua mãe, requer uma atualização constante nas técnicas da triagem, da precaução e do tratamento. São numerosos os avanços realizados, nesta área, nos últimos anos. O seu fortalecimento e desenvolvimento são fundamentais para interferir positivamente na doença e na mortalidade materno-fetal. [Martínez-Sánchez LM, Restrepo-Arango M, Sánchez-Díaz E, Marín-Cárdenas JS, Gallego-González D, Vélez-Peláez MC. Prevenção da infecção pelo Streptococcus do grupo B nas mulheres grávidas: Revisão do tema. MedUNAB 2017; 20(2): 182-189].

Mitocondria: de la célula a la clínica, caso de la sepsis / Mitochondria: from the cell to the clinic, case of sepsis

La mitocondria ha sido identificada como una organela clave en el proceso fisiopatológico de muchos trastornos clínicos, especialmente aquellos que involucran procesos metabólicos, Se han descrito múltiples mecanismos, tales como vías metabólicas de interacción biológica en los trastornos inflamatorios sistémicos severos como es el caso de la sepsis. Particularmente, el papel protagónico del estrés oxidativo como marcador de disfunción mitocondrial ha dilucidado blancos moleculares de interés clínico, A partir de estas consideraciones ha sido posible sintetizar moléculas con actividad terapéutica selectiva para contrarrestar el compromiso mitocondrial y mejorar con ello el pronóstico y la sobrevida de cuadros de alta morbimortalidad, constituyendo un escenario modelo de la evolución del conocimiento de la célula a la clínica en el paciente séptico...